How to calculate throughput. It is influenced by network speed, bandwidth, and latency. What is throughput based on? Throughput is based on the number of Product Backlog items and Product Backlog items are valuable. Mar 16, 2021 · So, the bandwidth was 100 million bits per second and the throughput was 1 million bits per second. Jul 27, 2020 · In splunk logs, I have to monitor some specific events. We need to multiply each machine’s efficiency to calculate the line’s total efficiency. This article will guide you on how to calculate throughput in different Nov 21, 2023 · Learn how to calculate throughput rate, the amount of inventory produced per unit of time, using a simple formula. Apr 29, 2015 · Calculating Throughput on the ASA . The "K" RU/s throughput is shared across the four containers A, C Jan 30, 2017 · By this formula you can calculate Throughput for each and every http requests in Summary Report. Aug 15, 2024 · After calculating your throughput time and throughput efficiency rate, you can calculate your throughput, net profit and ROI to assess your business's performance. By far the most important thing to do when optimizing throughput is to minimize network latency. g. That might be enough for some, but for others, a more detailed breakdown can be more useful. Throughput time will consist of many components, like process time, inspection time, Calculate the average throughput in bytes per second: Note: In the following expression, m1 is VolumeReadBytes and m2 is VolumeWriteBytes. Calculated as, throughput= number of instruction executed/ execution time. Good network engineers know about TCP performance over Long, Fat Networks (LFNs – see RFC1323) and how to use bandwidth, delay, and window size to calculate the maximum throughput of a connection. (m1+m2)/(PERIOD(m1)) Note: Because of micro bursting, the average value of throughput and IOPS might be different from the actual average value. kastatic. Calculating and Interpreting a TPAR as documented in the ACCA PM textbook. X" -F pcap -w filtered. Bandwidth is the potential measurement of a link, whereas throughput is an actual measurement of how fast we can send Reasons for measuring throughput in networks. Reading on the web i found out that the MSS ( maximum segment size) of a TCP segment is 576 - 20 - 20, these last two being TCP and IP headers overhead, resulting in a 93% of data Throughput is the actual rate at which data is successfully delivered over a network connection, and it provides a realistic measure of network performance. The way is calculate Number of this ICMP meesage multiple number of bite of ICMP packet divide by Apr 14, 2021 · Understanding Throughput. This measurement represents the time taken to complete a process from start to finish. This tutorial demonstrates the use of the following tools for calculating network throughput: iPerf3: A network testing tool that can create TCP/UDP data streams (single-thread or multi-thread) and measure the throughput of the network that carries them. 4388489/sec, rounded to 1. src == X. Read on to learn more about: A brief overview of throughput; How to measure throughput in your performance tests; Examples of throughput in practice; Let’s Talk! INDEX Aug 15, 2024 · How to calculate rolled throughput yield You can calculate RTY using the following steps: 1. If the product is completed on July 15 and the customer receives it on July 28, the move time is 13 days. Since the desired result is the flow rate or R, you can rearrange the formula by solving for R: R = I / T How to calculate throughput rate Mar 18, 2024 · For example, the necessity of retransmissions of a message and overloaded channels can impact it. Unless the network operates at max performance, the throughput is lower than the bandwidth. This gives you the average throughput per unit of time, which is a key metric for gauging your team's performance. Throughput is measured with the same bitrate units as bandwidth. The following image shows an example of measured throughput in data transmission between two entities belonging to a network topology: 6. Accelerated networking: Though the feature can be helpful in achieving the published limit, it doesn't change the limit. So, we should attempt such variable characteristics when calculating and analyzing the throughput. Get (0)); does not work because it can only be used in calculating the throughput of TCP packets. Calculate the move time. It can be defined as the number of processes executed by the CPU in a given amount of time. For a more detailed explanation of the steps implemented in this example, see Model 5G NR Communication Links and DL-SCH and PDSCH Transmit and Receive Processing Chain. The 'total number of good units produced' refers to the number of units that have been manufactured and meet the quality standards set by the company. But it seems that not many people know about the Mathis Equation, which describes how packet loss factors into the throughput calculations. Hence, the Throughput is 297 images/ second or 904 images/ second. Note: The script above doesn't calculate IOPS and throughput for io2 block express volumes. So if you want to calculate x/a, y/a, z/a, u/a, v/a, the five divisions can start at cycles 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and the results are available at cycles 26, 32, 38, 44, and 50. com about the importance of selecting the proper size Azure VM because of limits placed on throughput based on the VM size. Nov 25, 2015 · Related Reading: Throughput Limitations for Web Services. Throughput is unaffected by the following factors: Number of network interfaces: The bandwidth limit is cumulative of all outbound traffic from the virtual machine. This division yields the rate at which the data was transmitted over the network connection. And when you’re measuring throughput, remember what layer of the OSI model you are operating at. 6 days ago · Calculate Throughput: Divide the number of completed items by the length of your chosen time frame. If it’s a week, throughput per week, throughput per spring, throughput per month, per quarter, per semester, and so on. High throughput is desirable as a network can carry hefty amounts of data quickly and efficiently. In some environments, latency is measured by sending a packet that is returned to the sender -- the round-trip time is considered the latency. In this article, we will discuss the importance of throughput time in manufacturing and outline a step-by-step guide on how to calculate it. Aug 15, 2024 · Throughput rate measures the rate at which units move through the production process from start to finish. Thanks. Very few things use ICMP, and ping only measures the throughput of ICMP. I have filtered down to the network that I want like so: tshark -r input. 5% efficiency. e for random read/write – IOPS goes down and impacts throughput. how system statistics sessions > Throughput :133965 Kbps so does look like IOPS factors in latency i. Hence, the actual network throughput is always less than the network bandwidth. I want to calculate throughput based on these ICMP message. It has helped Scrum teams shed a new perspective on how to manage the flow of product backlog items (PBIs) through their sprint backlog all the way to a production environment. Nov 3, 2019 · Throughput is a way to find the efficiency of a CPU. kasandbox. e system level, or a single block inside it that generates data. org and *. Jul 7, 2022 · How to calculate the output of the entire line? Machine interactions compound efficiency. Significance of Throughput. Okay, we know the basic formula, and we know what goes into it. Additionally, bandwidth is not the same as network speed. This metric can be used directly to understand if a storage solution is “fast enough”. Nov 16, 2018 · One strategy to increase efficiency in any company or organization is to calculate the throughput, or cycle time. Related information Nov 21, 2023 · The throughput method uses a simple formula to determine product throughput: T = I / F. Command 'show system statistics session' display a low value in comparison of snmp BW value graphs. Use the following formula to calculate throughput: Throughput = revenue - total variable expenses For example, if your revenue is $1 million and your variable expenses are $200,000 Mar 18, 2024 · Similarly, network throughput is the actual amount of data transmitted per unit of time in a network. Step 3 . Nov 20, 2019 · I recently posted an article at sqlperformance. One of the equations found in multiple papers is: Ah(throughput)=(Number I need to determine the throughput available between TCP client/server based on a packet capture. [1] Aug 16, 2021 · In the area of supply chain management, a company’s throughput refers to the total time it takes to develop and deliver a good or service to the customer. While you can calculate throughput numbers, it is simpler to measure it with bps rather than running a calculation. The result is often expressed in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), or gigabits per second (Gbps), depending on the scale of the Throughput is usually measured in bits per second (bit/s, sometimes abbreviated bps), and sometimes in data packets per second (p/s or pps) or data packets per time slot. org are unblocked. IOPS and throughput data is provided by the following performance counters: Ping uses ICMP, which is a low-priority protocol. Learn how to calculate throughput, a measure of a business process flow rate, using a simple formula. This can the design as a whole i. Throughput vs. To open Windows Performance Monitor, run perfmon at the command prompt. Learn how to calculate throughput, its benefits, and factors that affect it, with examples and formulas. Throughput and IOPS are per-second measurements. 95% x 95% x 96% x 92% x 93% = 72. E. T is throughput, I is inventory, and F is the time inventory units spend in production. Aug 14, 2024 · When creating container B, make sure to enable Provision dedicated throughput for this container option and explicitly configure "P" RUs of provisioned throughput on this container. By default, iPerf3 only measures the bandwidth from client to server, so configure the commands properly to measure bidirectional throughput. The system throughput or aggregate throughput is the sum of the data rates that are delivered to all terminals in a network. 3 kBytes/sec = ~1. They all boil down to dividing some number of bits (or bytes) to some duration, as you mention; what varies is which bits you are counting or (more rarely) which moments of time you are considering for measuring the duration. For example, "done issues per week" or "burned story-points per month". Use this calculator to calculate LTE throughput, and carrier aggregation Throughput. Nov 21, 2018 · Given a TCP session, is there a way to determine the throughput of the sender? I have a wireshark sniff, and I see that to calculate the throughput of the sender I can use the TCP-Window-Size-in-bits / Latency-in-seconds = Bits-per-second-throughput formula, But the window is constantly changing (due to the tcp protocol). Solution: For Calculating Throughput on the ASA, We have to add received or Transmit traffic in bytes/sec on all physical interfaces: 26066000 + 23001 + 12071002 = 38160003 Bytes/sec. 101-1,2 documents. Learn how to calculate throughput rate using inventory and flow time, and see examples for different types of businesses. How to Optimize Throughput. Throughput is important as it is directly tied with performance of server for non-real time systems like pre-processing tasks. In general, if a connection has significant bandwidth, the transmission of the data per unit would be high. Mar 22, 2021 · To calculate the number of threads that are needed to generate the target throughput, we will use another plugin from JMeter in conjunction with Throughput Shaping Timer. Why Dec 24, 2022 · When calculating throughput for business purposes, the terms flow and inventory have a specific meaning that differs from their common usage. Then you will need to convert that to Mb/seconds for that you will need to partition that into 1024 to get the kbps and then the The throughput limit applies to the virtual machine. It’s important to learn about bandwidth, especially if you want to have an uninterrupted internet connection at home or at work. 00132890*1000 Throughput = 1. This is an iterative Mar 24, 2016 · What is the proper way to calculate throughput? There are multiple ways, depending on what exactly you want to measure. Calculate the yield for each unique process For each of the processes your product undergoes during production, you may calculate the yield. So, let’s put all the information together into a more digestible and precise formula. A typical method of performing a measurement is to transfer a 'large' file from one system to another system and measure the time required to complete the transfer or Jul 12, 2023 · To calculate the network throughput, the data size is divided by the time taken. I was sharing this article during my “Introduction to Azure Infrastructure as a Service” session during SQLintersection when Milan Ristovic asked how best to calculate throughput. Ideally, response time and throughput should be constant during a steady state. Throughput is the rate at which packets reach their destination successfully within a specific time period. TCP or UDP, will not perform the same way, or have the same throughput, as ICMP. See examples of throughput rate in different businesses and how to improve it. /volume_Limit_calculator. I would be very grateful if someone would indicate a script or tool that allows me to extract the throughput or network bandwidth from a pcap file and save it in a csv, txt, etc. Here’s how to calculate throughput time in detail: Aug 29, 2024 · Overview of tools for measuring network throughput. 3/sec Jun 17, 2022 · Constant Throughput is a calculator that checks the number of requests per time unit. pcap -Y "ip. ” The tool shows the results both in numeric form and in graphics. Specifically, retransmitted data is counted only once when calculating goodput but might be counted twice under some interpretations of “throughput”. The Kanban throughput reports provide some of the most useful analytical data you will need to track your Lean metrics. Latency slows down throughput, which, in turn, lowers throughput and delivers poor network performance to users. If throughput decreases with an increase in response time then it indicates instability of the application/system. Just Clarify me , Is my concept is correct or not. In comparison to IOPS, throughput tells us a specific amount of data that can be read or written in a given amount of time. 2. Inventory. High throughput means that your company can have high revenues. If you see different units from what you want, click on the unit to change it to something more suitable. pcap Apr 4, 2023 · Example: If your time period is in a day, you’d have a throughput per day. Apr 24, 2024 · A higher throughput normally means better performance, as in faster data transfers. It provides visualization of the throughput data distribution. An introduction to ACCA PM B4ab. Spread the loveIntroduction: Throughput is a critical metric in various industries, such as manufacturing, transportation, and information technology. Aug 17, 2020 · With the launch of the Kanban Guide for Scrum teams in 2018, its 4 flow metrics have gained more popularity amongst the Scrum community. This line of code sink = StaticCast<PacketSink> (tcpServerApp. Of course, you need to average it to get a reliable indication of the metric. The number of units used in a business’ operations at any given time is referred to as inventory for the purposes of calculating throughput rate. One other thing to note: The purpose of network management software and network throughput testing is to optimize the network on an ongoing basis. Throughput histograms help you identify productivity and efficiency issues. Any help will be really appreciated Laura Using Little's Law, one can calculate throughput with the equation: = where: I is the number of units contained within the system, inventory; T is the time it takes for all the inventory to go through the process, flow time; R is the rate at which the process is delivering throughput, flow rate or throughput. First, open up a command-line prompt in Windows or whichever OS is in use. Dec 20, 2022 · When calculating throughput for business purposes, the terms flow and inventory have a specific meaning that differs from their common usage. How to Calculate Throughput. Network throughput is measured in bits per second (bps). The terms ‘throughput’ and ‘bandwidth’ are often thought of as the same, yet they are different. Tracking throughput will enable you to act to maintain a stable workflow. How can I calculate throughput for the received UDP traffic on the server? Thanks Dec 19, 2008 · If you know the TCP window size and the round trip latency you can calculate the maximum possible throughput of a data transfer between two hosts, regardless of how much bandwidth you have. The formula for calculating throughput rate is straightforward: Throughput rate = Total number of good units produced / specified time frame. Usually throughput calculated at this step is taken as a reference throughput (ideal throughput) because the throughput specified in UE Category represents the throughput at this step. Aug 29, 2022 · Then, to calculate cycle time, you will divide net production time by the number of units produced. See an example of throughput for a chair manufacturing company and how it affects its profits. We can then multiply the constraint’s throughput by the line’s efficiency to calculate the line’s current Dec 16, 2023 · Also, before starting a performance test run, it is common to have a throughput goal that the application needs to be able to handle a specific number of requests per hr. 0: 251 bytes / 1400μs = 179. Find out how to increase throughput by eliminating bottlenecks, improving availability, and optimizing processes. Unlike a server, which can be configured and reconfigured throughout the life of the network, bandwidth is a network design element usually optimized by figuring out the correct formula for your network from the outset. An example of this calculator is checking the number of requests from the beginning of the first sample to the end of the last sample, including intervals. The identifier I use to target for those events is a text 'EVENT_PROCESSED'. Key Features: Jul 12, 2023 · So I have to calculate the throughput based on 15 RB’s and then that is further divided by bit wise mapping ? I mean to say – throughput = based on 15 RB’s UE_1_throughput= 01010011= 4 OFDM is enable=throughput/4 UE_1_throughput= 00001110= 4 OFDM is enable=throughput/4. Jul 24, 2024 · Throughput is the rate of production or processing of a product or service within a specified time. Throughput’s Strengths in Distillery Manufacturing Performance Benchmarking: Throughput serves as a valuable benchmark for assessing manufacturing efficiency and comparing performance against industry standards. network latency. Throughput: Cycle Time (or Lead Time) Control Chart: Cycle Time (or Lead Time) as Trend Chart: Cycle Time (or Lead Time) as Histogram Chart: Spread the loveIntroduction: Throughput time, also known as cycle time or lead time, is a crucial metric in determining manufacturing efficiency and productivity. Move time is the amount of time between when a product is completed and when it is delivered to the buyer. I need to know the specific number of Tickets/issues created (for a single team, not a project) during a specific period (a week, for example) and how many of those tickets got resolved during the same period. Ping is simply to test connectivity, not give you a throughput measurement. Network latency is an expression of how much time it takes for a data packet to get from one designated point to another. So my search query is: index=testIndex namespace=testNameSpace host=\\*testHost* log=\\*EVENT_PROCESSED* It fetches me ll of my target events. Step 4 Sep 5, 2017 · The throughput is one division every six cycles, which means you can start another division every six cycles. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *. Please note that EV Dec 30, 2019 · Can someone know how to calculate manually the FW Throughput ? it's for a PA 5060 with multiple Vsys and 1 etherchannel to the external network and another one for internal servers. 4/sec In terms of units (sec/min/hour), Summary report does this: Network throughput refers to the average data rate of successful data or message delivery over a specific communications link. Other traffic, e. Feb 17, 2020 · Before I dive into the details of throughput-driven Sprint Planning, I first want to define the word throughput to avoid any misunderstanding for the rest of this article. The formula used in 5G NR throughput (i. Systematic To run the volume_Limit_calculator script, do the following: 1. Use this bandwidth calculator to help you determine how much time it will take to download a file given the speed of your internet connection, otherwise known as the bandwidth. . 434 Feb 19, 2024 · Calculate Throughput: Divide the total output volume by the duration of the measurement period to determine the average throughput. Then, hit return. It represents overall processing speed of pipeline. When you say 'Trasport Block Size', it means the size of the array 'a' at the first step of the following process. Calculating Throughput Rate. Jun 8, 2021 · In Kanban you don't have time-boxed sprints, but you can measure the velocity / throughput on a per-week or per-month basis, by issues (cards) done or story-points burned. Cycle time = NPT / number of units produced. I’ll use the definition of throughput as defined in the Kanban guide for Scrum Teams: Throughput: The number of work items finished per unit of time. Jun 27, 2024 · Calculating throughput or flow rates The formula for calculating the flow rate is: I = R x T In this formula, I refers to inventory, R represents throughput or flow rate, and T indicates flow time. So, throughput, in this case, the throughput will be (3+5+10)/3 = 18/3 = 6 seconds. Formula to Calculate TCP throughput. Mar 31, 2023 · Learn the definition, formula, and importance of throughput rate, a metric that measures the rate at which units move through the production process. Throughput: It measure number of instruction completed per unit time. Jun 24, 2021 · As most network administrators can attest, bandwidth is one of the more important factors in the design and maintenance of a functional LAN, WAN or wireless network. Throughput time involves several intervals. Feb 20, 2022 · Is this correct or do I have to involve clock frequency to calculate the throughput as well? EDIT: DUT = Device-Under-Test is the sub-block for which I am trying to calculate the throughput. Run the script: # . Pulling a throughput report from an electronic Kanban system Jul 28, 2024 · There are two ways to use this data transfer calculator: find the time or find the transfer speed. Great Gadgets for Jira & Confluence offers all you need to easily determine your team velocity Sep 1, 2013 · You know ping is part of ICMP protocol. Sep 16, 2016 · Throughput = (number of requests) / (average * number of requests) = 1 / average For instance if you take the last line in your screenshot (with 21 requests), it has an average of 695, so throughput is: Throughput = 1 / 695ms = 0. It measures the amount of work completed or products processed over a specific period. First and foremost, knowing the actual production process time helps us identify the bottlenecks. Aug 25, 2022 · Throughput shows the data transfer rate and reflects how the network is actually performing. Jul 14, 2021 · How to use iPerf3 to measure throughput. Throughput is the number of images processed in one second. Data rates are generally measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (Mbps); the use of the lower-case “b” here denotes bits. What is Throughput? In manufacturing, throughput is the amount of time that it takes a product to move through certain processes. A network could have a bandwidth of 1 Gbps, which means it's capable of handling 1 Gbps. Companies need to know how much time is taken to produce goods, from manufacturing until products leave for the stores. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Throughput considers the flow rate of raw materials being processed in finished products. Apr 2, 2013 · The disk throughput describes how many data may be transferred per second, so the block size play a huge role upon calculating the throughput required by app Let's consider as the sample the 3000 IOPS and SQL database engine, the block size in terms of db engine is called the page size and for SQL Server it's equal to 8 KB. Throughput Ratio compares actual throughput in either hours or units to the standard (expected) hours or units I want to determine throughput across a given interface using the bytes (octets) field in the v9 record. Jun 1, 2023 · Ideally, response time is directly proportional to throughput during the user ramp-up period. Original code from Github. Mar 26, 2020 · Thanks, @Petter Gonçalves, for your detailed answer and the link. For example, a manufacturer can measure how long it takes to produce a product, from initial customer order to sourcing raw materials to manufacturing to sale. Jun 2, 2023 · The maximum throughput of a network may be consequently higher than the actual throughput achieved in everyday consumption. So if we specify that a 4KB size and a 90IOPS with a disk through put X MBPS then we do not really need to worry about latency right as our 90 IOPS will ensure that customers provide a disk with all the right kind of rpm and seek time etc that satisfies 90IOPS requirement. Dec 5, 2012 · suppose i have a 4MBits network and i want to calculate the data throughput, this is considering the max transfer rate minus overhead from ethernet/IP/TCP headers. 5G articles, quizzes & more! Dec 14, 2008 · In this system, the latency is equal to the 1/throughput. More Throughput is better. You can configure shared and dedicated throughput only when creating the database and container. data rate) calculator is also described. In essence, throughput aims to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of a system. A tool to calculate the theoretical maximum for 5G-NR, with FDD, TDD, SDL and SUL band support. May 29, 2024 · Advanced throughput time calculation. – How is process throughput calculated? There are a few different ways to calculate process throughput: Conducting a physical count of the number of items that a process completes in a given period. Enter a value for the file size into the data transfer calculator. Also, to generate the minimum amount of threads, we will use the Schedule Feedback function from JMeter, which will define the number of threads that should be running LTE Throughput Calculator . 0014388489/ms = 1. It measures the rate at which a system can process or transmit data, providing insight into the efficiency and capacity of the system. However, when it comes to Ah throughput there is a confusion about how we calculate it and what each parameter represents. sh. Measure PDSCH throughput of the 5G NR downlink. Type the following into the server's command-line interface: iPerf3 -s. People are often concerned about measuring the maximum data throughput in bits per second of a communications link or network access. Mar 31, 2023 · Four aspects help us understand the importance of calculating throughput. For example, let's say, the process P1 takes 3 seconds for execution, P2 takes 5 seconds, and P3 takes 10 seconds. A common misconception on measuring network throughput is that measuring the time it takes to upload or download a large file is the maximum throughput of a network. The formula for calculating Throughput is: Apr 11, 2020 · I have a client/server topology in NS3 and I want to calculate the throughput of UDP traffic on the server. Throughput is used is often to identify and minimize the weakest links in the production process. If the system has some sort of pipelining or stages, then the throughput could be made higher (approaching the slowest stage throughput), and might not be equal to 1/latency anymore. 306, 38. Jan 22, 2020 · It offers all the gadgets needed for calculating and displaying the throughput (Kanban velocity) and cycle/lead time (as trend chart or control chart). May 23, 2024 · Minimizing all these factors is critical to increasing throughput speed and data performance. Throughput is typically measured in megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps). Use Windows Performance Monitor to get information about IOPS and throughput. Sep 24, 2019 · Let’s take a look on how this impacts the throughput when sending packets that are using the data packet length extension feature: We can calculate this throughput and see the modification yields almost a 4x improvement over the original maximal raw data speed that could be achived with BLE 4. This page covers 5G NR Throughput Calculator. TCP-Window-Size-in-bits / Latency-in-seconds = Bits-per-second-throughput So lets work through a simple example. Download the script to your Linux instance, and make the script executable: # chmod +x volume_Limit_calculator. Jul 5, 2023 · Throughput Calculation: Once the download and upload processes are complete, the speed testing website calculates the throughput based on the amount of data transferred and the time it took to transfer that data. Free 5G NR calculators & resources! Get Throughput, ARFCN, GSCN, SSREF & CCE values. Aug 9, 2023 · Performance of pipeline is measured using two main metrices as Throughput and latency. X. 1 day ago · Throughput is a key performance indicator in computer networks, telecommunications, and other information technology systems. I have Throughput Time is the total time it takes to run a particular process. Jan 4, 2024 · Throughput is measured in bits per second (bps) in the form of megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps). e. Example: Max Response Time = 1485538701633+569 = 1485538702202 Min Response Time = 1485538143112 Throughput = (2/1485538702202-1485538143112)*1000 Throughput = (2/1505) *1000 Throughput = 0. Jun 18, 2024 · TamoSoft can calculate and report upstream or downstream throughput statistics, packet loss, and Round-Trip-Time “RTT. How is network throughput measured? Apr 12, 2021 · It's a script that connects a Google Spreadsheet to Jira, bringing all the details related to your cards, so you can easily calculate throughput, lead time, flow efficiency, whatever the metrics you want. The 5G NR Throughput Calculator is developed as per 3GPP TS 38. Higher throughput indicate processing speed of pipeline. mwvzn txg lqphdbr khzp fglwp rtmxd sldo ikzrs hojg ymqfgz